Phuket is Thailand's largest island and one of Southeast Asia's most popular destinations. Known for stunning beaches, rich cultural heritage, vibrant nightlife, and warm hospitality, Phuket offers something for every type of traveler. Plan your trip with our complete guide, find hotels, and explore restaurants.
Geography & Location
Size
543 km² (210 sq mi)
Length
48 km north to south
Width
21 km at widest point
Population
Approximately 400,000
Located in the Andaman Sea, off Thailand's west coast, Phuket is 850 km southwest of Bangkok. Connected to mainland Thailand by the Sarasin Bridge, the island is easily accessible while maintaining its island paradise atmosphere. See how to get here.
The island features a mountainous interior covered in rainforest, with most development concentrated along the western and southern coasts where the famous beaches are located.
History & Heritage
Ancient Times
Known as "Junk Ceylon" on early European maps, Phuket has been a trading post for centuries. The island's strategic location made it an important stop on trade routes between India and China.
Tin Mining Era (1800s-1900s)
Phuket's tin mining industry attracted Chinese immigrants who brought their culture, architecture, and cuisine. This era created the distinctive Sino-Portuguese architecture still visible in Phuket Old Town.
Tourism Development (1970s-Present)
Tourism began in the 1970s and accelerated dramatically. Today, tourism is the island's primary industry, though Phuket maintains its cultural identity and local traditions.
2004 Tsunami
The island was significantly affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Phuket rebuilt and implemented improved warning systems and disaster preparedness measures. The resilience of local communities was remarkable.
Culture & People
Ethnic Diversity
Phuket's population includes Thai Buddhist majority, significant Chinese-Thai community (descendants of tin miners), Muslim fishing communities (Chao Lay or Sea Gypsies), and a growing expat population from around the world.
Religion
Buddhism is predominant with numerous beautiful temples throughout the island. Significant Muslim population especially in fishing villages. Chinese temples and shrines reflect the island's heritage. The annual Vegetarian Festival showcases Chinese-Thai cultural traditions.
Language
Thai is the official language. Many locals speak some English, especially in tourist areas. The southern Thai dialect has unique characteristics. Chinese languages (Hokkien, Mandarin) spoken in Chinese-Thai communities.
Old Town Heritage
Phuket Old Town preserves colorful Sino-Portuguese shophouses, Chinese shrines, and colonial architecture. Many buildings are over 100 years old. The area has become a trendy district with cafes, galleries, and boutique hotels while maintaining authenticity.
Economy & Industry
Tourism
The dominant industry employing thousands directly and indirectly. Before COVID-19, Phuket welcomed over 10 million visitors annually. Hotels, restaurants, tour operators, and related services form the economic backbone.
Marine & Fishing
Traditional fishing communities still operate, though on a smaller scale than historically. Pearl farming in protected bays. Marine tourism including diving, snorkeling, and sailing charters.
Real Estate & Development
Significant property development catering to both tourists and foreign retirees. Luxury villas, condominiums, and resort properties. International buyers from China, Russia, and Europe.
Rubber & Agriculture
Rubber plantations in interior regions. Coconut plantations and tropical fruits. Pineapple farms in northern areas. Agriculture has declined with tourism growth but remains important in rural areas.
Climate & Natural Environment
Tropical Climate
Phuket has two distinct seasons:
Dry, sunny weather with calm seas. Temperatures 23-33°C (73-91°F). Peak tourist period with higher prices but guaranteed good weather.
Southwest monsoon brings afternoon rain and rougher seas. Still warm (24-31°C) with sunny mornings. Lower prices and fewer tourists. Some businesses close for renovations.
Natural Features
- Over 30 beaches ranging from busy resort areas to quiet coves
- Mountainous jungle interior with hiking trails and viewpoints
- Surrounding islands and limestone karsts (Phang Nga Bay)
- Rich marine biodiversity with coral reefs and diving sites
- Mangrove forests in protected areas
- Wildlife including monkeys, monitor lizards, and tropical birds
Main Areas of Phuket
Patong Beach
Busiest area with nightlife, shopping, and dining. Main tourist hub.
Phuket Town
Administrative capital with Old Town heritage district. Local life and culture.
Kata & Karon
Family-friendly beaches south of Patong. More relaxed atmosphere.
Bang Tao
Long beach with luxury resorts. Home to Laguna Phuket complex.
Rawai
Southern tip with traditional fishing villages and long-stay expat community.
Kamala
Quieter beach between Patong and Surin. Mix of resorts and local life.
Interesting Facts
Visiting Phuket Today
Modern Phuket balances tourism development with cultural preservation. While Patong represents the busy resort side, areas like Phuket Old Town, Rawai fishing villages, and temple communities maintain traditional Thai island life.
The island offers extraordinary diversity - you can experience bustling nightlife, serene beaches, cultural heritage, luxury resorts, and authentic local life all on one island. This variety, combined with excellent infrastructure and warm Thai hospitality, makes Phuket one of Asia's most successful tourism destinations.